Skin-related growths and lumps can often be a source of concern, but many of them are benign and treatable. Some of the most common types of skin lumps and bumps include epidermal cysts, atheroma cysts, cystic acne, and lipomas. Understanding the differences between these conditions, as well as how they are treated, can help individuals manage their skin health effectively.
1. Epidermal Cysts
Epidermal cysts are one of the most common types of skin cysts. These cysts form when the epidermis (the outer layer of skin) becomes trapped beneath the surface, creating a small sac that fills with keratin, a protein produced by the skin. Epidermal cysts typically appear as small, round, and movable lumps under the skin. They are often harmless and can be left untreated if they aren’t causing discomfort.
Treatment: If the cyst becomes infected or is bothersome, a healthcare provider may drain or remove the cyst. In some cases, surgical excision is necessary to ensure that the cyst does not return.
2. Atheroma Cysts
An atheroma cyst is another term often used interchangeably with epidermal cyst, but technically it refers to a cyst caused by the blockage of a sebaceous (oil) gland. The cyst fills with sebum, the oily substance produced by the gland to lubricate the skin and hair. These cysts are usually small and can appear on any part of the body, though they are most common on the face, scalp, and upper body.
Treatment: Similar to epidermal cysts, atheroma cysts can be removed surgically if they cause discomfort or become infected.
3. Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is a severe form of acne that results in large, inflamed, and painful cysts under the skin. These cysts occur when the pores in the skin become clogged with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria, leading to deep, pus-filled lumps. Cystic acne is most common on the face, back, and shoulders and is more common during adolescence, although it can affect adults as well.
Treatment: Cystic acne is typically treated with oral or topical medications, including antibiotics, retinoids, and in some cases, corticosteroid injections. In severe cases, a dermatologist may perform extractions to remove the cystic material from the skin.
4. Extractions
Extractions refer to the process of removing acne, blackheads, or cysts from the skin, typically performed by a dermatologist or esthetician. For cystic acne, extractions may involve draining the cysts to release pus and relieve pressure. It is essential to have this procedure done by a professional to minimize the risk of scarring or infection.
Treatment: If extractions are necessary, it is essential to follow proper aftercare, including gentle skincare and avoiding further irritation to the skin. A healthcare provider may also recommend additional treatments such as antibiotics or topical creams.
5. Lipomas
Lipomas are soft, non-cancerous lumps made up of fatty tissue. They typically form just beneath the skin and can vary in size from small to large. Lipomas are usually painless but can become bothersome if they press on nerves or other tissues. The exact cause of lipomas is not entirely understood, but they are often hereditary.
Treatment: Lipomas can be surgically removed if they cause discomfort or are growing in a problematic location. In some cases, liposuction may be used to remove the fatty tissue.
Conclusion
While epidermal cysts, atheroma cysts, cystic acne, extractions, and lipomas are often benign and treatable, it is essential to seek professional medical advice if you notice unusual growths or changes in your skin. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications, relieve discomfort, and maintain healthy skin. Always consult with a healthcare provider or dermatologist for the best approach to managing these skin conditions.
